中国内争不统一:日本乘虚侵占东北的政治背景

东北易帜后，全国虽然实现了统一，但还主要是形式上的。国民政府下诸军政集团问的内战频频发生，中国共产党领导的红军战争星火燎原。中原大战和平定石友三之乱，东北军大量调入关内，严重削弱了东北边防。连年内战，耗损了国力，无力抵御外侮。日本侵略者正是利用了中国的内争不统一，乘虚而进，发动九一八事变，占领东北。1931年发生的宁粤对立，严重地影响了对日和战的决行。张学良对中央政府具有相当大的独立性。当关东军向辽西进攻时，张氏拒绝中央政府的一再指令，擅从锦州撤兵，终致东北全部沦陷。民族不统一，给外敌人侵造成了可乘之机。日本充分利用中国内部不统一，侵略东北，策划建立满蒙“独立”政权。这是九一八事变的重要历史教训。

Civil Strife:the Political Background for Japanese Occupation of Northeastern China

The unification of China was only in form in the late 1920s.The fights between political and military clques were frequent,the Red Army led by CPC was growing quickly.Northeastern armies were ordered to move south to quell rebellion,thus weakening the defence force on the border.Japanese invaders took the advantage of such a situation to launch the September 18~(th) Incident and occupy the three provinces of Northeastern China.The strife between Nainging and canton made it impossible for the National Government to make a quick decision on war or peace with Japan.Zhang Xueliang was to a large extent independent of the National Government.When faced with advances of Japanese army,Zhang withdrew soldiers from Jin-zhou against the orders of the Central Government,resulting in the complete fall of Northeasten China.The civil strife offered the enemy the opportunity to invade and China,that was the historical lesson of the September 18~(th) Incident.