近20年福建长乐人移民美国的动机和条件——以长乐实地调查为主的分析

长乐人素有海上谋生的传统,并在近20年间塑造了移民海外的社会风尚。长乐与纽约之间巨大的收入差距和美国较好的谋生与发展条件,使长乐人选择美国作为移民的主要目的地。长乐人在美国成功建立的互助网络,使长乐人能承担巨额出国费用和成功地在美国求职与发展。因此,美国虽然是绝大部分中国国际移民的首选目的地,但唯有长乐人(福州人)能大规模移民美国,创造了在20年间近20万人成功地从一个仅60多万人口的县级市移民美国的奇迹。

Motives and Conditions of Emigration from Changle to U. S. in Last 20 Years: A Field Study

Changle people have a long tradition of searching livelihood on sea.Related to such a tradition,there has been a prevailing practice of overseas emigration in the last 20 years.Changle people take the U.S.as their destination for overseas emigration because the income in the U.S.is 20 times more than that in Changle,and the immigrants,including the undocumented,can be much more accepted and better treated in the U.S.than in any other countries.In the last 20 years Changle people have successfully established a mutual aid network,which help emigrants from Changle with supports on emigration fees,accommodation for new comers,job offer and relation with hometown.Thanks to the well-functional network,as many as two hundred thousand people from Changle County have migrated to the U.S.in the past 20 years.