中国马克思主义史学发展道路的思考

从五四运动到新中国成立前,自李大钊开始传播唯物史观,此后经郭沫若、吕振羽、范文澜、翦伯赞、侯外庐等的努力,马克思主义史学家坚持革命性与科学性结合,显示出自己建构研究中国历史体系的规模和力量,因而20世纪把中国史学推向了新阶段。建国后17年,马克思主义史学虽然经历过严重的曲折,但成绩仍是主要的,主要表现在:以唯物史观原理与中国实际相结合的方向得到坚持,形成百家争鸣的局面,在通史、断代史和专史领域以及大规模整理历史文献等方面都有重要成果;1958年以后教条化严重泛滥时,郭沫若、范文澜、翦伯赞等挺身而出进行抵制,一批熟悉历史考证的学者在唯物史观指导下,使史学达到新的境界。在改革开放的新时期,经过批判和反思极“左”路线危害,解放思想,史学出现了开拓进取、欣欣向荣的新局面。

Considerations on the Path of Development of Marxist Historical Studies in China

In the period from the May Fourth Movement to the eve of the founding of New China, through the efforts of LI Da-zhao who pioneered the spread of historical materialism and those on his heels like GUO Mo-ruo,LU Zhen-yu,FAN Wen-Ian,JIAN Bo-zan and HOU Wai-lu,the Chinese Marxist historians combined their revolutionary spirit with the scientific methodology and displayed their capabilities for constructing the Chinese historical system. Asa, the Chinese historical studies were pushed to a new stage in the 20 century. In the 17 years after the founding of the People's Republic of China(PRC) ,in spite of the serious setbacks suffered by the Marxist historical studies the achievements were the main aspect of the work in this field, which was manifested in the following: The direction of combining the principle of historical materialism with the actual conditions in China was adhered to, a new situation of contention of a hundred schools of thought emerged and important achievements were scored in general history, dynastic histories and large-scale collation of historical literature; When erroneous dogmatist ideas ran rampant after 1958 a number of historians like GUO Mo-ruo,FAN Wen-lan and JIAN Bo-zan bravely stepped out and boycotted this trend; Under the guidance of historical materialism a group of scholars familiar with historical textual research attained a new intellectual realm. In the new period of reform and opening to the outside world,with criticism of and reflections of ultra-"Leftist"line and emancipation of mind the historical studies in China have been vigorously forging ahead, presenting a scene of prosperity.