允许与严禁:闽粤地方对妇女出洋的反应(1860-1949年)

近代中国出洋妇女 90 %来自闽粤地区 ,其中又以广府妇女、闽南妇女为最多 ,其次为客家妇女和潮汕妇女 ,而以海南妇女为最少。闽粤妇女移民模式可分为三种 :依附型迁移、被动型迁移和主动型迁移。所谓依附型移民是指随着丈夫和家人迁移的妇女 ,被动型移民是指违背本人意愿、被拐卖出国的妇女 ,主动型移民则是自愿出洋谋生或留学的妇女。闽粤地方政府、地方士绅、宗族和家庭对不同身份妇女出洋反应不一 ,并采取了不同的防范措施 ,从中我们可以看到 ,在不同伦理观念和经济利益的趋动下 ,闽粤地方对妇女出洋的推动或限制。

Permission and prohibition: the response of Fujian and Guangdong to Chinese women going abroad (1860- 1949)

Up to 90% of the Chinese women going abroad in modern China came from Fujian and Guangdong provinces.Most of them were Cantonese women and Hokkien women,and then Hakka women and Tiu Chui women,the women from Hailam were the least.There are three patterns of Fujian and Guangdong women immigration,(1)dependent immigration,women going abroad with their husbands and families;(2)passive immigration,women who were abducted and sold to foreign countries;(3)initiative immigration,women willing to go abroad for work or study.The local government,local gentry,clans and families in Fujian and Guangdong had different attitudes towards different women going abroad and took different measures.The article shows that Fujian and Guangdong either promoted or prohibited women going abroad because of different ethic ideas and economical consideration.