关中平原历史地名演变中的文化政治格局——基于批判地名学的研究

基于GIS技术,分析从夏到明清,关中平原历史地名空间格局和命名方式的演变规律。从景观表征和布尔迪厄符号权利视角,借鉴批判地名学研究理论,揭示关中平原历史地名空间格局和命名方式演变过程中的文化政治格局。研究发现：①作为关中平原历史地名空间置换的高密度区域,以西安—咸阳为核心的政治中心区,以及以潼关、陈仓（今宝鸡）为核心的军事中心区构成了政治权利空间斗争的中心;而零星分布于外围的自然景观类地名集中区则体现出其作为政治权利空间斗争边缘区的历史稳定性。②统治阶层和群众围绕宫殿陵寝、官宦氏族、人物姓氏、意愿祈福及祭祀庙宇类地名展开命名博弈,各阶层均希望借助地名这一社会文化符号表达“自我”价值和愿望。③关中平原历史地名具有鲜明的时代特征,地名的命名与变更整体上呈现出去阶层意识形态、关注民生文化的特征。

THE CULTURE AND POLITICS DURING THE EVOLUTION OF HISTORICAL PLACE: NAMES IN KUAN-CHUNG PLAIN IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CRITICAL TOPONYMY

Based on GIS, this paper firstly analyzes the spatial and naming pattern of historical place names in Kuan-chung Plain from Xia to Ming-Qing dynasty. And then, from the perspective of landscape representation and Bourdieu's symbolic power theory, the cultural and political pattern during the evolution of historical place names will be revealed based on Critical Toponymy. Results indicate that:1) As the high density areas of the spatial replacement of historical place names in Kuan-chung Plain, the political center with Xi'anXianyang as the core and the military center with Tongguan and Chencang (Baoji) as the core are the focuses of space struggle for political rights. However, the sporadically distributed natural place names have historical stability in the marginal areas surrounding the political and military centers. 2) The ruling classes and the masses launched a naming game around the place names based on palace and mausoleum, the official and clan, personage and surname, wish and blessing, and sacrifice and temple. At the same time, all classes want to express their "self" value and wishes with the help of place names, which is a typical social and cultural symbol. 3) The historical place names in Kuan-chung plain have distinctive characteristics of the times. But on the whole, there is a characteristic of class ideology in the process of naming and changing of place names, and the tendency to concern about people's livelihood and culture.