旅游污名：研究进展及展望

近年来，层出不穷的旅游乱象给整个旅游行业带来了极其负面的影响，使我国旅游行业遭受到了社会公众强加的污名。因此，如何避免旅游污名化现象的加剧以及如何对已被污名的旅游业进行去污名化，已成为我国旅游界亟待解决的课题。当前学术界关于旅游污名的重视远远不够，研究十分匮乏。本文对旅游污名研究进展进行了系统述评，将旅游污名划分为基于人地关系的旅游地方污名、基于群体关系的旅游者污名以及基于人际关系的旅游职业污名。在此基础上，指出应加强旅游污名的形成机制与综合治理研究、使用流动性方式开展旅游污名研究等方向。本文为理解及解决旅游污名问题提供可行的理论指导，对旅游研究及旅游发展均大有裨益。

TOURISM STIGMA: RESEARCH REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

Due to the in-group favoritism and out-group devaluation of the social identity theory, the dominant group could improve their social status by discriminating against disadvantaged groups. Consequently, the phenomenon of stigmatization is inevitably. In recent years, the increasingly negative events about tourism industry have a severe negative impacts on the whole industry. Nowadays, tourism industry is facing a serious trust crisis and even stigmatized by the rest of society. The stigma of tourism occupation imposed by society leads the whole industry to less attractive due to the low self-esteem and lack of professional pride caused by the occupational stigma. Therefore, the coping strategies of avoiding the aggravation of tourism stigmatization and industry reputation repairing have become urgent issues to be solved in tourism industry, that is of great significance to the further development of tourism of China. However, there are almost no relevant studies in the academic field, and little attention has been paid to the stigma study in tourism occupation. In order to make up for the research gap, this paper will make a systematic literature review on the study progress of tourism stigma. According to a systematic literature review, the research finds that the way of destigmatization of tourism needs to be analyzed from the perspectives of geography, sociology, management, psychology, and other disciplines, due to both the tourism activities and stigmatization process are complex phenomenon related to many stakeholders. The current tourism stigma research can be divided into three types: Tourism spatial stigma based on man-land relationships, tourist stigma based on group relationships, and tourism occupational stigma based on interpersonal relationships. Among them, the tourism spatial stigma and tourist stigma have serious negative impacts on tourism behavior and will hamper the development of the destination. This study appeal that tourism scholars should strengthen the research on the formation process and comprehensive treatment of tourism stigma. The author hopes that this paper can arouse scholars' attention to the tourism stigma, and provide theoretical guidance for the practice of tourism industry.