贫困人口扶贫政策获得感评价与提升路径研究——以马斯洛需求层次理论为视角

以马斯洛需求层次理论为视角,运用大别山片区微观调研数据,通过理论分析与数理推导,构建结构方程模型,对贫困人口扶贫政策获得感进行综合评价与提升路径研究。结果表明:贫困人口物质需求、安全需求、社交需求、公平需求、能力需求在一定程度上得到满足后均能对其扶贫政策获得感的提升产生正向促进作用,且位于需求层次高低两端的物质需求与能力需求的正向促进作用最强;各维度正向促进作用在不同脱贫状态群体中差异性较大,能力需求对于已脱贫群体获得感提升的影响更为显著;大别山片区整体贫困人口扶贫政策获得感较高,各维度上指数得分差异性较小,但不同地区间存在一定差距。基于研究结果,本文提出一些贫困人口扶贫政策获得感提升路径。

STUDY ON THE EVALUATION AND PROMOTION PATH OF POVERTY ALLEVIATION POLICY: FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY

From the perspective of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, using the microscopic survey data of the Dabie Mountain area, through theoretical analysis and mathematical derivation, constructing a structural equation model, a comprehensive evaluation and research on the path of poverty alleviation for poor people will be provided to provide a reference for promoting poverty alleviation in the Dabie Mountain area and even the concentrated contiguous areas in the country. The results show that the material needs, security needs, social needs, equity needs, and capacity needs of the poor population can be positively promoted to a certain extent in improving their sense of poverty alleviation policy after being satisfied to a certain extent, and the positive promotion of material demand and capacity demand at both ends of the demand hierarchy is the strongest. The positive promotion of the poor people's material needs, security needs, social needs, equity needs, and ability needs in different dimensions is greatly different among groups out of poverty, and the ability demand has a more significant impact on the sense of improvement of groups who have been out of poverty. Based on this, we have explored the strengthening of public service construction, tamping the guarantee of policies and mechanisms, constructing a poverty alleviation pattern with the participation of multiple poverty alleviation subjects, and establishing an efficient anti-poverty collaborative governance mechanism, improving the accuracy of poverty identification and exit, improving government credibility, and strengthening industrial poverty alleviation, strengthening the poverty-stricken people's skills training and other poverty alleviation policies to gain a sense of improvement path.