基于POI的城市影子教育机构空间格局及其影响因素——以兰州市主城区为例

影子教育作为普遍而又特殊的人文社会现象尚未引起空间科学的关注。本文基于POI数据，融合GIS空间分析及地理探测器等方法，探究了兰州市影子教育机构空间分布特征及影响因素。结果表明：①兰州市影子教育机构总体表现出“西疏东密”的河谷带状分布，并呈现“一主多次”的组团式空间结构；②内部差异较大且不同类型机构的分布特征不同，区位选择的尺度差异明显且集聚形态各异；③不同类型机构的专业化水平差异显著，形成了不同功能型的专业化空间单元；④城市居住小区、商服环境、主流教育机构及交通可达性是影响影子教育空间布局的重要因素，由此驱动形成了不同类型的空间布局模式。

RESEARCH ON THE SPATIAL PATTERN AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF URBAN SHADOW EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS BASED ON POI DATA: A CASE OF LANZHOU

Shadow education, as a universal and special social phenomenon, has attracted the attention of pedagogy, management science and sociology. However, the research on the subject of shadow education from the spatial perspective is very weak. Therefore, understanding the spatial distribution of shadow education institutions based on a spatial perspective has important theoretical and practical significance. Based on the POI data, the spatial characteristics of the distribution of shadow education institutions and their influencing factors in the main city of Lanzhou were explored by using the GIS spatial analysis methods such as Kernel density estimation, Ripley's K(d) function, Location quotient and The Geographical Detector. The results show that:1) The distribution of shadow educational institutions in the main urban area of Lanzhou has obvious spatial aggregation characteristics; 2) Different types of shadow education institutions have different spatial distribution characteristics and the internal differences are large. 3) Specialized functional areas of various shadow education institutions have obvious differences, there are some mature streets showing the characteristics of multiple types of institution agglomeration; 4) The spatial distribution of shadow education institutions is mainly affected by many factors, such as urban residential area, business service environment, mainstream education institutions and traffic accessibility.