生物学和分子生物学在考古学研究中的应用

本文就生物学技术，特别是分子生物学技术在考古学研究中的应用进行了综述。主要介绍植 物硅酸体分析技术在农业起源研究中的应用，人和动物骨骼学应用于人类起源和进化、畜牧业的起 源和发展等研究领域。还简单介绍了分子生物学的一些基础知识。并重点论述了分子生物学技术， 如线粒体ＤＮＡ分析技术和Ｙ－染色体ＤＮＡ分析技术在人类起源和现代人种族起源研究中的应 用。ＤＮＡ分析技术在农作物和家畜的起源和进化研究中亦发挥着作用。

Application of biological and molecular - biological techniques to archaecological research

The application of biological techniques to archaeology was reviewed in this article, emphasis was put on the molecular biological techniques. The first part of this article discusses the application of phytolith analysis to the research of origin of agriculture. It was also discussed about the application of ostelolgy to the study of human and animal evolution. Some basic knowledge of molecular biology was presented in the second part. The third part describes how molecular biological techniques, such as mtDTA analysis and Y - chromatic DNA analysis, helps in understanding of human - Origin and the origin of modern human race. The role of DNA analysis in the research of the origin of cultivated crops and livestock was also indicated in this part.