留日学生、东游官绅与直隶省的近代化进程(1900～1928)

1900～1928年间留日学生群体、赴日考察官绅及其他人士在直隶省近代化进程中扮演了重要角色。留日学生所学专业及赴日考察官绅所关心领域表明，这一群体在制度更新、技术引进和人才培养等方面对直隶省近代化进程产生了深刻影响。在这一引入日本经验、推动直隶近代化的进程中，清末直隶总督袁世凯等人起到了关键性的作用。民初直隶省政府延续了这一作法，使以天津、北京为龙头的直隶省近代化走在了全国前列。直隶省既注重派出留学生系统吸取近代化知识体系，也注重派出官员考察力促观念转变，两相结合，有效排除了因制度与观念差异进而导致近代化进程受阻的障碍。直隶省派学生留学、派官员考察的做法，应是后发国家区域近代化进程中的成功经验之一。

On the Historical Role of the Overseas Chinese Students , the Government Officials and Gentry Observing in Japan in the Course of Modernization in Zhili Province(1900-1928)

The research topic of this paper is the historical roles that the returned students from Japan, officials and the gentry on investigation in Japan and others play in the course of modernization in Zhili province. By analyzing the specialties the returned students from Japan studied and fields of interest to officials and the gentry observing in Japan, this paper approaches the profound influence of this group on the course of modernization in Zhili province, from three sides including renewal of systems, import of technology and training of bright people.The author thinks that the governor of Zhili province Yuan Shi-kai and other people took a critical move in introducing experiences form Japan and propeling the course of modernization in Zhili province an the end of the Qing Dynasty,and the government of Zhili province continues this kind of practice carly in the Republic of China,so that the modernization of Zhili province with Tianjin and Beijing as leaders takes its place in the forefront of the whole nation.During this course,Zhili province takes effective measures,paying arrention to both sending returned students to utilize the knowledge hierarchy on the modernization and promoting the transition of their conception by sending officials at all levels on investigation,thus effectively removing the obstacle caused to hinder the course of modernization as a result of discrepancy in system and conception. The author thinks that this practice of Zhili province sending students to study and officials to investigate in Japan is one of successful experiences in those nations and regions starting to develop late in the course of modernization.