旅游气候研究进展与启示

气候是旅游发展的重要因子。近年来,局部地区恶劣气候频繁出现,旅游业发展受到影响。总结国内外旅游气候研究进展,国外研究主要集中于旅游目的地气候条件对旅游业发展、旅游者行为的影响和人类旅游活动对气候的现实和潜在的影响;国内研究则集中在气候旅游资源和旅游地气候舒适度两方面。总的看来,国内外旅游气候研究的中心议题都围绕着气候是旅游业的影响要素,主要贡献有气候是包括自然旅游资源在内的资源形成背景;特殊的气象景观和优良的气候条件是旅游地重要吸引物,进而影响到旅游者决策行为,因此气候调查和分析应视为旅游规划的前提。

STUDY ON STATUS QUO ABOUT TOURISM CLIMATE AND ITS ENLIGHTMENT

Meteorology and climate are two different manifestation of atmospheric movement. The former is a short-term physical phenomenon of atmospheric movement,withe fast chang as its characterisic. The latter is the synthesis performance of multi-annual meteorology,its characteristic is steady. In this article,they will be called the climate phenomenon. The climate is one of the important tourism resources. The good climate condition will make people's travel facilitated,while the extreme poor weather condition will hinder people's activities,even bring massive losses to tourists. The loss of life and damage caused by worst climate has drawn schozlars attention to the problem with climate and tourism. The authors carry on the article on tourism climate at home and abroad,and offer a lot of introductory remarks in order to stimulate the other researchers' valuable ideas. Climate is one of important factors to tourism development. In recent years,poor climate and weather condition appeared frequently in some areas,which had affected the development of tourism industry. The authors search the thesis on tourism climate from the journals abroad,and got nine about it finally. Then the authors also searched the articles on it from the journals at home,and got eleven in the end. This paper is presented on the basis of these research work of tourism climate both in and abroad. The research work abroad focuses on three aspects. Firstly,they are the influence of climate and weather in tourism destination to tourism industry. The authors find there have three respects. The first one is that the climate is one of the foundations of tourism resources. The second one is that the climate is the beneficial supplement to tourism development. The third one is the negative effect of climate to tourism development. That is to say,extreme poor weather condition,such as hurricane,storm sleet,flood,upsurge and soon,has the destructive power and hindrance strength to tourism development. Secondly,they are the influence of climate and weather in tourism destination to tourists' behaviours;and thirdly,they are the influence of human beings' activities to climate and weather. The research work at home focuses on two aspects. Firstly they are climate and weather as tourism resources;secondly,comfort climate condition to tourists' activities. Based on the above,the authors propose several topics which are worthy of being studied in the further. They are firstly the influence of climate and weather in the area generating visitors to tourists' behaviours;Secondly,the influence of global climate warming to tourism industry;and thirdly the pattern of tourism insurance which can transfer the risk under the extreme climate and weather condition.