元代陕西行省研究

元代陕西行省设立早,起初临时处理军政,且与四川时合时分,至元二十三年(1286年)后自为一省。陕西行省与行御史台、宗王等分治最为典型。因西台负责四省监察,蒙古军都万户府迁治凤翔及安西王等出镇,陕西行省长期充任西部军政大本营。然军事权偏弱,还有所谓"未尝提调军马"的"旧例"。这是前期四川设行枢密院,蒙古军都万户府与其不相统摄,平章多不兼都万户,直接支配军队有限等所造成。任职或镇守陕西的,往往是廉希宪、赛典赤、阿思罕、乃蛮台等重臣及安西王、湘宁王等显赫宗王。该省"舞台"或可窥见元朝廷各种政治势力的角逐乃至厮杀。

A Study on Shaanxi Province in Yuan Dynasty

Shaanxi province in Yuan dynasty was founded in the early period. At first, Shaanxi province handled military and political affairs temporarily, and was combined with and separated from Sichuan province irregularly. Since 1286, Shaanxi had been an independent province. It was very typical that Shaanxi province assumed command of local administration districts with Xing-yu-shi-tai (regional administration or administrator; regional censor) and royal princes. Because Xitai (regional censor in the west) took charge of inspection affairs of the four provinces, the seat of Wanhu Office of Mongolian Troops (an office in command with 10,000 households) moved to Fengxiang, and An-xi-wang and other royal princes assumed command of this region, Shaanxi province had been the western military and political supreme headquarter for a long time. However, its military power was weak, and was restricted by the precedent that "never commanded the army". This phenomenon was caused by many reasons, such as Xing-shu-mi-yuan (regional privy council) was established in Sichuan from the early period; Wanhu Office of Mongolian Troops was not attached to Shaanxi; Pingzhang(the vice governor of the province) seldom served concurrently as Duwanhu; limited troops were under direct control and so on. There were usually senior ministers such as Lian Xixian, Sayyid Ajall, Asqan, Naimandai; and prominent royal princes such as An-xi-wang, Xiang-ning-wang who governed or guarded Shaanxi province. Through the stage of Shaanxi province, we probably see the contests and fights among various political forces of the court.