宋代粮商的粮食投机

宋代商人在发挥调剂余缺功能的同时，还存在严重的投机行为。宋代粮商的投机行为，多见于三个领域：一是向官府贩粜军需粮草过程中，利用各种非法手段，诈取官府钱物；二是在、城市粮食贸易中投机取巧，从城市居民和城郊农民身上攫取暴利；三是乡村中的地主家庭，趁粮食短缺之机，残酷地压榨农民。这些投机活动，既暴露了宋代粮商惟利是图、为富不仁的丑恶嘴脸，也从一个侧面反映出古代商人的投机性。

Grain Merchant's Speculation in the Song Dynasty

The merchants seized every chance to gain advantage by trickery, as well as functioned as the regulator of market supplies in the Song Dynasty. Grain merchants speculated mainly in three ways. The first was getting money by fraud in the process of selling army provisions to the government. The second was taking advantage from the citizens and peasants living in the outskirts. The third was that the landlords exploited peasants by taking advantage of grain shortage. All these activities exposed the grain merchants' natuve of profits before-everything and being-wealthy-but-unmerciful,and showed the anicent merchants' characteristic of speculation.