服务业区位论:概念、理论及研究框架

二战以来,随着世界经济服务化进程加快,国内外学者越来越关注服务业区位理论的研究,但迄今为止,国内外学术界至今没有形成完整的服务业区位理论体系。从区位论的基本概念出发,在区位过程理论的基础上,根据服务业的特性及分类,提出了由一般服务业区位理论和服务业行业区位理论构成的服务业区位理论研究框架。在服务业区位理论框架的基础上,阐述了服务业区位选择的基础理论,初步构建了由经济区位因素、空间区位因素、信息区位因素和人文区位因素构成的服务业区位因素钻石模型,并探讨了服务业区位选择及区位模式的研究思路。结合所建立的服务业区位理论体系,提出了服务业区位的实证研究框架。

SERVICE INDUSTRIAL LOCATION: CONCEPT, THEORY AND RESEARCH FRAMEWORK

Location theory is the one about the optimum location or place choice of human activities and relevant facilities which aims at obtaining the biggest synthetical benefit.Service location theory is a branch of location theory and one of the three social economy sector location theories. Since the World-WarⅡ, with the rapid growth of the global service economy, the research of service location has gotten much attention in foreign countries. After 1990's, Chinese scholars have focused on the research of service location, too. Due to the diversity and discrepancy of the characteristics of different service sectors, the research of service location theory is yet far from the systemic today. In order to promote the development of the location theory of service industries, this paper tries to forward the new concept of service industrial location. discusses its basic theories and builds the theoretical research framework of service industrial location.
Firstly, based on the basic concept of location theory, such as location body, location condition or location factor, location choice, location competition, spatial structure and location result or benefit, this paper puts forward the location process theory, according to the characteristics of service industries and service classification, and proposes the research framework of service location theory which is composed of the general service location theory and special service industrial location theory. The general service location theory includes location factor theory, location choice theory, spatial structure theory, location benefit theory, etc. The special service industrial location theory includes location theory of producer service, distribution service, consumer service and social service sectors.
Secondly, the paper analyses the basic theories of service location including economic theories, behavior theory and firm organization theory, social structural theory and Marxism theory, distribution theory, and social equality-efficient theory, etc. Furthermore, based on the analyses on the characteristics,relationship of different factors, the paper puts forward the Diamond Model of service location factors and advances the research process of the service location choice and location pattern of different service sectors.
Finally, the paper advances the empirical research framework of service location, which includes three parts: the basic empirical location theory, the location factor system and the empirical research of service industrial location. Also,it offers a tool to help us well understand the different service location phenomenon and the research of service geography at last.