城市紧凑度对中国城市创新的影响

城市空间特征与创新的关系是创新地理的重要研究议题。论文构建了城市紧凑度与城市创新的理论分析框架，提出研究假设，并选取中国地级及以上城市作为研究空间单元，从密度、土地混合利用、街道连通性和交通通达性四个方面构建了城市紧凑度指数，对2010年中国城市紧凑度进行了评价，分析了中国城市紧凑度的空间分布特征，在此基础上，采用空间回归模型方法，对紧凑城市发展与中国城市创新的关系进行了研究，结果表明：城市紧凑度指数与城市规模等级呈现出正相关性，城市规模等级越高，城市紧凑度指数越高；东部沿海地区城市紧凑度指数相对较高，中部和西部城市紧凑度指数相对较低。在全国和区域尺度下，城市紧凑度对中国城市创新均存在正效应，在其他条件不变的情况下，城市紧凑度指数越高，城市创新产出越高；城市紧凑度对城市创新产出的作用存在区域差异，从东到西，城市紧凑度提高带来的创新产出增长依次降低。

THE IMPACT OF URBAN COMPACTNESS ON CHINESE CITY INNOVATION OUTPUT

This study seeks to examine the relationship between urban compactness and innovation output. We construct theoretical framework of urban compactness and urban innovation. Compactness could be related to innovation capacity in three ways:First, compactness could provide higher accessibility andspatial proximity, which could foster networking opportunities between people via the enhancement of social capita and promote knowledge flow and interaction between innovative people and resulting in less innovation and knowledge production; Second, compact urban form offers pedestrian-friendly places, and higher quality-oflife outcomes, which in turn would attract talented human capital as the driving force behind innovationbased economy; Third, a potential impact of compactness on innovation capacity is reference to the concept of tolerance and diversity. Using this theoretical framework, based on data of 281 cities in China in 2010, this study calculates a composite urban compactness index measuring density, land use and transportation patterns and analyses their spatial structure in China. Then spatial regression model is used to measure the extent to which urban compactness, tolerance and talent capital increase urban innovation output. We found statistically significant evidence that compact cities indeed lead to better city innovation output. At the subnational level, the effects of compact cities are stronger in the central and western region. As Chinese cities move rapidly to reduce urban density with more automobile friendly transportation, this study shows that changed urban forms may have negative innovation output consequences.