城市居民健康生活方式研究的时空行为视角

在宜居城市和健康城市的建设背景下，健康生活方式成为政府和公众共同追求的重要目标。已有的环境-行为-健康关系的研究主要从静态时空间的视角出发，探讨邻里环境要素与居民健康水平的相关关系，并分析健康相关行为或活动特征的中介作用。本文立足于个体导向和强调制约与企划的时间地理学、基于活动-移动模式的活动分析法、以及移动性转向下情境单元的选择问题，以个体整日活动-移动模式作为生活方式的外在行为体现，从时间、空间、个体行为和群体行为的角度，构建了基于移动性的城市环境暴露-日常活动移动模式-个体健康效应三者关系的综合分析框架，以期促进城市环境与社会的可持续发展。

UNDERSTANDING HEALTHY LIFESTYLES FOR URBAN RESIDENTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SPACE-TIME BEHAVIOURS

Healthy lifestyles have become an important goal pursued by the government and the public in the context of building habitable cities and healthy cities. Current research on the environment-behavior-health relationships largely focused on the direct link between neighborhood environment and individual long-term health status from the static space-time perspective. Besides, behavioural mediators were simplified as the health-related behaviours or specific activity episodes. In real word, however, individual behaviour and its health outcomes are influenced by diverse urban spaces way beyond the very notion of neighborhood effect.Further, the biased selections of certain activity episodes or health-related behaviours are limited by several drawbacks, including ignoring individual behavioural tendencies and prepositions, breaking the sequence and before-and-after linkages among activity and travel episodes, and overlooking the specific geographic and social contexts when activities are carried out. Drawing solid theoretical and methodological basis from time geography and the activity-based approach, this study delineated the daily lifestyles of urban residents as activity-travel patterns involving health-related behaviours. On this basis, interventions on urban physical and social environment acted as the strategy to lead residents’ health-promoting daily lifestyles and narrow the health gaps among social groups. Finally, a holistic conceptual framework was constructed to understand the relationships among mobility-based environmental exposures, activity-travel patterns and individual health outcomes, with the ultimate goal of urban environmental and social sustainable development.