改革开放以来中国县级以上政区名称变更及其问题探讨

自1978年始,为了发挥中心城市带动周围农村的作用,国家行政体制作出了重要改革,实行市领导县体制。随之各级行政区的数量、名称和范围发生了较大的变化。本文以1978-2007年国家民政部统计数字为准,对改革开放30年来,中国县级以上行政区域名称的变更进行了统计分析与研究,揭示了政区通名和专名的变更特点及影响因素,指出更名中存在的主要问题,最后提出县级以上行政区域名称的变更的对策和建议。

A STUDY ON THE NAME CHANGES AND PROBLEMS OF ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS ABOVE COUNTY LEVEL AFTER THE IMPLEMENTATION OF REFORM AND OPENING-UP POLICY

With the reform of the administrative system and the adjustment of administrative regions, the number and names of China's administrative regions at all levels have changed a lot. In this paper, the result of statistical analysis of data from 1978-2007 shows that the characters of the name changes of China's administrative regions above the county level from the implementation of reform and opening-up policy changed in large quantity. According to the data, the names of 85.71% of the administrative regions above county level in 2007 were changed between 1978 and 2007; the change of generic terms accounts for 83.33%; the change of specific terms accounts for 16.67%. The largest number of generic term change is the "city" and "district". The number of "city" as Generic term increased by 339.4% compared to that of 1978, in which the number of county-level city increased by 287.4%, the number of prefecture-level city increased by 197.9%, and the number of generic term change of municipalities was only one. District as generic term increased by 90.65% compared to that of 1978. At the same time, the number of "region" as generic term reduced 89% and the number of "county" as generic term reduced 24.1%. 43% name changes occurred in eastern China, 34% in mid China and 23% in western China. The change of specific name appeared the character that the scenic areas replaced the original names and the historical names were restored. The main problem of the changes in generic term is that some cities are unworthy of the name. The population of cities in China accounted for 94.5% according to the data of 2006 while the level of urbanization in China in 2006 was only 43.90. That shows a seriously mendacious urban phenomenon. The conclusion is that the true faces of the cities should be rehabilitated and sub-rule principles of urban and rural areas should be implemented. The specific terms in administrative regions shall be worthy their names. The protection of cultural heritage should be strengthened. The strategies and suggestions that the system of the change in geographical names above the county level provide the scientific and standardized reference for the future of the change in the name of regions in China.