旅游开发、经营的外部不经济及其内化探析

旅游开发中的外部不经济将使旅游资源处于低效率或过度利用状态，资源配置难以实现帕累托最优（Pareto optimality）。旅游开发的外部不经济性具体表现为旅游开发经营中的外部不经济和旅游者旅游活动中的外部不经济，其根源主要是旅游资源产权模糊和虚置、旅游资源具有准公共物品的特性及经营者对资源成本与损耗的忽略。弱化或内化旅游开发中的外部性，可尝试在国家干预、制度创新、产权改革、资源核算和价值评估等方面采取措施。

A Probe into the External Diseconomy Nature of Tourism Exploitation and Operation Development and Its Internalization

The external diseconomy of tourism exploitation would put the resources in low efficiency and overuse;therefore,fail to arrive at Pareto optimality. The externality of tourism exploitation is demonstrated as the externality of tourism exploitation and operation,and that of tourist activities.It is mainly the results of the vagueness or absence of property right and the quo-public nature of tourist resources,and operators' neglecting of the cost and waste of tourist resources.The weakening and internalization in tourist exploitation can be done from state intervention,system innovation,property reform,assets accounting and value evaluation aspects.