从新民主主义国营经济到社会主义国营经济--关于毛泽东新中国国营经济性质思想演变的历史考察

毛泽东的新民主主义理论是在中国共产党只是掌握了中国革命的部分领导权的特殊历史背景下提出的。第二次国共合作破裂后,中国共产党掌握了中国革命的全部领导权。由此,毛泽东的新民主主义理论也就转变成为初级社会主义理论。作为这一理论转型的中心环节之一,毛泽东在延安时期提出的新民主主义国营经济理论,这时也转变为西柏坡时期的社会主义国营经济理论。按照毛泽东的真实想法,我国建国初期将实行的,实际上并不是延安时期所设想的以新民主主义国营经济为主导的新民主主义的经济制度,而是以社会主义国营经济为主导的、五种经济成分并存的初级社会主义的经济制度。但毛泽东出于策略上的考虑,还是称之为“新民主主义经济”。这就是近半个世纪来人们普遍地误认为这种经济制度就是所谓“新民主主义经济制度”的直接原因。

From New Democratic State-Operated Economy to Socialist State-Operated Economy

Mao Zedong's theory of new demoeratism was put forward under special historical circumstances, that is only part of the leadership of Chinese revolution was in the grasp of the Chinese Communist Party. The CCP controlled the whole Chinese revolution after the breach of second cooperation between CCP and Kuomintang, thereby Mao Zedong's theory of new democratism changed into primary socialist theory. As one of the essential part of the theoretical transformation, the new democratic state-operated economy theory put forward by Mao Zedong during the Yanan period changed into socialist state-operated economy theory during the Xibaipo period. According to Mao Zedong's real thought, what would be implemented in China after the early establishment of PRC is the primary socialist economic system, which with socialist state-operated economy being dominant, and five kinds of economic ingredients coexisting, rather than the new democratic economic system, which with the new democratic state-operated economy being dominant. However, Mao Zedong still called it "new democratic economy " out of tactic consideration, and this is why people generally mistook this economic system for "new democratic economic system".