太平天国运动后江南驻防的恢复与重建

太平天国战争结束后,清廷和江宁将军都急欲恢复江南驻防旧制。但在筹建旗营兵房和筹补旗兵缺额时,地方督抚常以资金匮乏为由拖延执行清廷的谕令,敷衍江宁将军的重建要求,直到光绪二十四年八旗兵制改革,江宁驻防旧制也未能完全恢复。究其原因,既因为太平天国运动使得晚清的财政制度发生了巨大变革,以督抚为代表的地方政府有了很大的财政自主权,不愿意以地方所筹之饷长期供养驻防八旗,也因为驻防八旗所要恢复的以骑射为主的旧制与两江总督希望建立的以新式枪炮为主的军队新制相比落后时代太远。研究江南驻防的恢复与重建,有利于加深对晚清中央与地方、满与汉关系的理解。

The Restoration and Reconstruction of the Jiangnan Garrison after the Taiping Movement

After the end of the Taiping Movement,the Qing court and the Jiangning General were eager to restore the old system of the Jiangnan Garrison,a traditional Manchu military base.However,in the process of raising fund to build barracks for Manchu soldiers and filling in the vacancy of Manchu soldiers in the garrison,the provincial governors often delayed the orders from the Qing court on the excuse of lacking funds and postponed the Jiangning General s request to reconstruct the Jiangnan Garrison.The old system of the Jiangnan Garrison had not been completed recovered by the reform of the Eight-banner Manchu military system in 1898.There were two reasons for this failure.First,the fundamental changes in the Qing financial system caused by the Taiping Movement provided the provincial governors increasing financial autonomy,so that they were unwilling to use provincial income to fund the Manchu garrison.Second,the Jiangning General s intention to restore the traditional horsemanship and archery in the Manchu garrison lagged behind the time too much to fit into the Liangjiang Governor-general s plan to develop a modern army equipped with Western guns and cannons.This research shed some light on the relationship between the central and provincial governments,between the Manchu and the Han officials.