宋代的财政督理型准政区及其行政组织

宋代存在着各种准政区。其中对于国家政治生活影响最大的,是以发运使、总领、提举茶马、提点坑冶所管辖的财政督理型准政区。以发运使等为长官的准行政组织,受中央政府委托,在各自辖区内履行财政职能,并且围绕各自的职能,直接或间接地参与地方行政事务。它们对本政区内的州、县,甚至路一级的官员存在着事实上的上、下级关系,使中央政府对地方行政事务的监察与管理进一步加强;但是它们的权力扩张受到中央政府的抑制,最终未能成为正式的行政组织,使宋代地方行政体系运作迟缓的发展趋势受到一定程度的遏制。

The Unformed Administrative Divisions and the Organizations of Financial Management of Sung Dynasty

As same as all other dynasties after Han, there were all kinds of Unformed Administrative Divesions in Sung Dynasty. In which the most important ones were those governed by the Fa-yun-shi, Zong-ling, Ti-ju-cha-ma and Ti-dian-keng-ye. Those Unformed Administrative Organizations obtained the financial function from the Central Government. Then they participated in the managiement of the formal Administrative Divesions by and by. But their power in Administrative management were controlled in a low extent by the Central Government, and had not been formal Administrative Organizations in the end. Get advantage from the effective control, the administrative system of Sung was avoid from the more torpid opration.