中国地理学对乡村发展的多元视角研究及思考

乡村发展是一个综合性和复杂性的问题，具有多元化的观察视角。本研究从地理学出发，选取空间、转型、功能、制度四个视角，对当代中国乡村发展研究的现状进行系统化梳理，并分别对四个视角下的研究内容进行评述，发现我国地理学研究呈现多元视角融合的趋势，且存在缺少多元理论指导、对城乡关系关注不足的共性问题。基于此，结合国内外乡村发展研究最近成果及我国实情，尝试提出中国地理学对乡村未来发展研究的导向：推进城乡一体化为导向的乡村空间重构研究、加强新型城镇化背景下的城乡发展网络研究、加强城乡统筹理念下的乡村多元发展路径研究、推进城乡等值化理论指导下的乡村规划和管理研究。

PLURALISTIC PERSPECTIVES AND THINKING OF CHINESE RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN GEOGRAPHY STUDY

As the rapid progress of urbanization, China has been on the key phase of economic and social transformation and reconstruction between urban and rural areas, certainly bringing opportunities as well as shocks and challenges to rural areas. Rural sustainable development has aroused wide attention from all class of society, and rural geographers have gradually begun to pay great attention to this research topic. At first, four analytical perspectives were identified in the field of Chinese rural development in geographic study, i. e., the views of space, transformation, function and institution, while the connotations of those perspectives were interpreted in detail. Then this paper systematically reviewed the studies of rural development in China according to the pluralistic perspectives mentioned above. Thirdly, the summarization had been given from each of the four aspects of rural development study:1)The first study revealed rural spatial patterns and its evolution characters, but it did not summarize the rules of rural development properly, and did not identify any powerful theoretical guides for rural spatial optimization; 2)The second study analyzed the characters of rural transformation from several aspects of elements, settlement, land use and so on, but the network of urban-rural development had not been paying enough attention; 3)The third study made great achievements in the research on the types' division of rural multifunctions and their evaluation, but could not reveal rural evolution characters from micro scale and rural development paths systematically; 4)The fourth study explored the deep reasons of rural diversification in the process of urbanization, but the conclusions and recommendations were not greatly valuable to rural geography due to the lack of targeted measures and geographic theories.