《天演论驳议》:科学与宗教视野中的进化论批判

进化论包含生物进化论与社会进化论,生物进化论主要源自达尔文。进化论在西方经由生物学界走向社会科学这一历程。就近代中国而言,进化论的社会反响远大于生物学界。严复译著《天演论》,将社会进化论本土化建构、诠释与救亡图存历史使命相契合,引起宗教界的反响。李问渔对《天演论》及进化论进行全面而深入地学理性批判。从"物理"层面来看,李问渔"辑译"《天演论驳议》,关注自然科学试验及考古发现,并与宗教神学结合起来,对进化论证伪。就"政理"层面而言,李问渔从先验的神学世界观出发,检视社会进化论。严复、李问渔对进化论证实或证伪,还涉及进化论与科学、宗教立场等的关系。在"西方学术中国化"的近代学术转型中,李问渔的影响远不及严复,李的反诘虽有些学理深度却未能在全国激起波浪,商榷的力度愈大,愈发增添社会进化论的思想魅力。

Animadversion on Yan Fu' s Chinese Version of Evolution and Ethics:Refutation from Scientific and Religious Theology

The theory of Evolution includs biological and social aspects.It spreads from nature to society in the West.The theory of Biological Evolutionism is mainly originated from Darwin.Yan Fu combines the Evolutionism with the historical mission of saving the nation from extinction.Its significance is much more important than the biological evolutionism itself.Li Wenyu animadverts on the evolutionism reasoningly and deeply.The confirmation and refutation to the Evolution and its social significance by Yan Fu and Li Wenyu involved in the relationship between Evolution and historical mission of saving nation from extinction and the relationship with Evolution and the religion position.During the academic transformation in neoteric which aims at nativising the western academic,Li Wenyu's influence is not nearly so as Yan Fu's.Although Li Wenyu's refutation is some kind of deep in logic,it didn't affect too much in the whole country.The more powerful the strength of deliberation,the more charming the social theory of Evolution would be.