传统水硬性灰浆性能的影响因素综述

水硬性灰浆是性能优良的传统建筑材料,其相比于气硬性灰浆,有更好的防水性、透气性、耐冻性、耐盐结晶性和机械强度等,适合作为古建筑的修复材料。本研究对影响传统水硬性灰浆性能的因素进行归纳综述,探讨无机物(胶凝材料、骨料、水)、天然有机物(多糖类、蛋白质类、油脂类)、养护条件等对水硬性灰浆性能的影响。其中,无机物对水硬性灰浆的性能影响一方面取决于胶凝材料的特性,另一方面取决于灰浆中不同无机组分间的比例;在水硬性灰浆中加入多糖类有机物可提高灰浆力学性能,加入蛋白质类有机物可提高防水性和孔隙率,加入油脂类有机物可大幅提升防水性、耐久性;在高相对湿度条件下养护水硬性灰浆可提高其机械强度,而低湿度条件下养护的灰浆则更具耐久性。本研究成果可为认知、揭示传统水硬性灰浆的科学价值,研究、开发新型古建保护修复材料提供参考与启示。

Review on factors influencing the properties of traditional hydraulic mortars

Hydraulic mortars are traditional construction materials with good properties. Compared with air-hardening mortars, hydraulic mortars possess better waterproofness, permeability, freezing resistance, salt crystallization resistance and mechanical strength, and are potentially ideal restoration materials for historical architecture. The present research reviews factors influencing the properties of traditional hydraulic mortars, including inorganic components (binder, aggregate and water), natural organic additives (polysaccharides, proteins, oils and fats), and curing conditions. For inorganic components, their influences on hydraulic mortars depend on both the properties of the binder and the proportions of the different inorganic components. For natural organic additives, addition of polysaccharides into mortars can improve their mechanical strengths, addition of proteins can increase their water resistance and porosity, and addition of oils and fats can greatly improve their water resistance and durability. As for curing conditions, hydraulic mortars cured under higher relative humidity can have better mechanical strengths, while those cured under low relative humidity are more durable. The present research intends to contribute to understanding the scientific values of traditional hydraulic mortars, and to developing new restoration materials for historical architecture as well.