清代皇家雅曼达噶神坛丛考

“雅曼达噶”即大威德金刚,是藏传佛教重要的护法神。本文考证了乾隆时期所建的七处皇家“雅曼达噶坛”,分析了神坛的建筑特点与文物陈设状况,理清了这种重要的佛堂模式的特点。同时探讨了清富神坛与西藏寺庙的渊源及乾隆与藏传佛教的关系。藏传佛教中神灵众多。有一个庞大的神系。乾隆皇帝建七处雅曼达噶坛。说明了清宫廷对保护神大威德的特别崇拜,这种做法来自藏传佛教格鲁派的直接影响。由此种神坛之模式可见藏传佛教曾对清代宫廷的文化环境产生过深刻的影响。

Studies of the Yamantaka Shrines of the Qing Royal Household

Yamantaka is an important Guardian Deity in Tibetan Buddhism.This article examines seven imperial Yamantaka shrines built during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor and analyses the architectural features of the shrines and the related artefacts,thereby clarifying the unique features of this major type of Buddhist shrine. The author also examines the origins in Tibetan religious architecture of such shrines and the relationship between the Qianlong Emperor and Tibetan Buddhism.Tibetan Buddhism boasts a vast pantheon with an immense array of deities.The establishment by the Qianlong Emperor of seven Yamantaka shrines demonstrates the Qing court's veneration for the worship of this particular deity.This demonstrates the influence of the Gelugpa school of Tibetan Buddhism and from the style of these shrines we can see the deep influence of Tibetan Buddhism on the cultural environment of the Qing court.