出土、出水饱水木质文物冷冻干燥研究进展

冷冻干燥是稳定出土、出水饱水木质文物的主要方法之一。该方法基于水由固态直接成为气态的升华过程不产生表面张力的原理,可避免饱水木材脱水时受到干燥应力的破坏。数十年来,经过实验实践和不断完善,冷冻干燥在出土、出水降解木材的稳定中取得了很好的效果,在大型、厚重木质文物的保护方面得到成功应用。本研究基于在出土、出水含盐饱水木质文物保护方面的多年实践,对国内外在脱盐、抗菌、热浸、预冻和升华干燥工艺等方面的进展进行了回顾,并提出了解决一些现有问题的技术设想。

Research progress of freeze drying for unearthed/salvaged waterlogged wooden archaeological artifacts

Freeze drying is one of the main consolidation methods used to stabilize unearthed/salvaged waterlogged wooden archaeological artifacts. This method is based upon the sublimation of ice, thus no surface tension is produced and the damage to woods by drying stress is avoided. For decades, the freeze drying technology for unearthed/salvaged decayed woods containing salts has been improved through experiments and practice, and better stabilization and consolidation of archaeological artifacts have been obtained. Great improvements have been made both domestically and overseas in terms of desalting technology, impregnation materials and protocols, pre-cooling and sublimation drying. The development of relevant specialized equipment is now being undertaken with application of nondestructive monitoring.