Commercial reform against the tide: Reapproaching the eighteenth-century decline of the republics of Venice and the United Provinces |
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Authors: | Koen Stapelbroek Antonio Trampus |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan;2. Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan;1. Research Institute of Electronic Engineering Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Mailbox 338, Harbin 150001, China;2. Communications and Signal Processing Research Group, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom |
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Abstract: | The emergence of ‘civilized monarchies’, reformed European territorial states that had turned commercial, created major challenges to the old trade republics of Venice and the United Provinces. Would they perish and cease to exist, which seemed a logical corollary to the recent history of their decline, or might they be reconstituted and integrated into a new interstate system? Rather than to approach this question from the perspective of the history of political thought, which offers a range of rival outlooks on this issue, the present article treats the issue more from the inside and thus connects theories about decline to their concrete manifestations and experiences; from the spheres of diplomatic tensions over unpaid debts, publishing networks and the oscillation of consular and maritime law reform between Venice and the Dutch Republic. |
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