罗斯福新政时期美国文官政治化倾向的加强

新政时期,罗斯福总统在扩大政府规模的过程中,通过“政治庇护制”任命文官,使行政部门特别是行政部门中的“政治文官”以多种方式直接参与立法和政策的制订,自主地执行联邦政府的政策,导致美国文官政治化倾向的加强。这种现象不仅源于政治与行政的特殊关系,源于“政治文官”自身的优势,也源于美国特殊的政治体制和社会结构。

The Enhancement of the Inclination of Politicization of the American Civil Service During the New Deal

President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed the civil service through political patronage during the New Deal in the process of expanding the scale of his administration, which made administrative department especially political civil service participate in the legislation and the establishment of policy directly, and carry out government's policy by themselves and it resulted in the enhancement of the inclination of politicization of the American civil service. This phenomenon resulted from the special relationship between the politics and administration, as well as from the advantage of political civil service itself and also resulted from the special political system and social structure in America.