成都老官山汉墓出土织机复原研究

成都老官山汉墓出土了四台多综织机模型,提供了古代多综织机的实物证据。它们都采用一样的移动齿梁选综机构,提综机机构却有不同,一台织机用一个旋转踏板提升滑框,滑框再提升多片纹综。另外三台方法相同,用一个旋转踏板提升连杆,连杆再提升多片纹综。通过出土文物的实物对照,分析选综机构和提综机构的机械原理,比较两种提综机构的性能优劣,从而推断滑框式织机可以织造经向纹样循环大的经锦,但操作较费力;曲柄连杆式织机织造的经锦纹样循环虽小,但操作省力。分析过程同时也展示了古人杰出的智慧和创造力。

Restoration of a loom excavated from a Han Dynasty tomb at Laoguanshan, Chengdu

An exceptional finding in 2013 was four wooden pattern looms excavated from a Han dynasty tomb at Laoguanshan, Chengdu. These looms date back to the second half of second century B.C. Each loom has a toothed beam with two tenons which can carry the hook beam moving in warp direction and stop at a certain position to select a pattern shaft. One loom has two sliding frames. When one side the axle treadle held by the front poles, the other side turns up to push two sliding frames in the slotted roles upwards. The hook beam on the top is also pushed up by two frames. The other three loom models have hook rods on either side. When the weaver steps on one side of the axle treadle, the other side pushes the hook rods upwards, and the hooks lift the pattern shaft. After careful examination of both types of loom, it is found that the sliding frames power transmission loom could been used to weave longer patterns, while the two hookrods loom could make it easier to weave but produce a shorter pattern. These two types of loom are the earliest examples of looms in China. They represent the knowledge and creativity of ancient Chinese people.