董仲舒人性论再认识

董仲舒将“人性”范畴界定为人的自然性,但这种自然性不同于庄子的“自然性”,董仲舒把儒家伦理价值观念也论证为人的自然本性。善恶等人伦观念作为一种莱布尼茨意义上的“预定和谐”先在性地包容于人性范畴中,而后又展现于每个人的本性之中。因此,将董仲舒的人性论概括为“天赋善恶论”,似乎更符合其原意。重视人的自我创造性与自我超越性,是中国古代人性理论一大特点,而这一点又恰恰正是中西人性学说的会通之处。

A Reconsideration of Dong Zhong-shu's Theory on Human Nature

Dong Zhongshu defined "humanity" as human being nature,but his concept of human nature was not as same as Zuang Zi's concept of human nature in meanings.In Dong Zhong shu's view,Confucian ethos and value were human nature as well.The concepts of benevolence and evil,being in a predestined way,innately existed in the confinement of humanity,and then showed in each person's character.So,to its original meaning,it is proper to conclude that Dong Zhong shu's humanity theory is a kind of "innate benevolence or evil theory".Focusing on human self creation and self transcendence is a big feature in Chinese ancient humanity theories,and this feature is the point where Chinese humanity theory and the West humanity theory converge.