周-汉毛织品上红色染料主要成分的鉴定

对一批西周-汉毛织品上的红色染料进行了分析研究。从毛织品上提取、分离得红色染料一主要成分，经质谱(EIMS)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV)、H核磁共振谱(HNMR)、C核磁共振谱(CNMR)分析鉴定，其主要成分为紫茜素。所有毛织品红色染料的高效液相色谱分析结果与标准品茜草素、紫茜素一致，只是两成分之间的含量不同，因而判断这些毛织物上的红色染料均来源于茜草属植物。

The identification of main components of red dye from Zhou to Han dynasties woolen textiles

In 1980s,a batch of dyed woolens were excavated at XinJiangb Zhagunluke and Shanpula tombs,which dated about 3000-2000 years ago.These dyed woolens are rich in color,such as blue,green,red,yellow etc.Although they are the most earliest ones and have passed so long time,the colors remain bright.Until now,the ancient dyes on the wool have seldom been studied in China,especially those before Han Dynasty.The paper is point to separate and identify dyestuffs of the red woolen samples 2.3mg red needle crystals and rare other components were obtained in such way that the red pigments form MO13411-2 is separated on a reversed-phase ODS column chromatography.The molecular formula of crystals-C14H8O5-is given by EI-MS,and shown anthraquinone derivate by UV-visible spectroscopy,and purpurin is identified using H-NMR,C-NMR analysis.The results of HPLC from all the samples are to the purified purpurin from MO13411-2 and the standard alizarin from Merck Co.,only the contents between purpurin and alizarin are different.It goes from above that the red woolen samples were dyed with the ause of madder.