乾隆初滇省代京铸钱失败原因浅析

文章通过对乾隆初年滇省代京铸钱之具体情况的考察,认为滇省代京铸钱是清政府为扭转铸钱严重亏损而采取的一项铸币政策。但滇省代京铸钱较之京局直接鼓铸反而增加了铸钱成本。实行滇省代京铸钱后,清政府铸钱开始盈利,但这并非滇省代京铸钱所致,而是清政府对云南铜矿实行垄断经营、压低铜价,即钱局使用滇铜鼓铸的结果。实际上,在使用滇铜为原料的前提下,京局直接鼓铸较之滇省代京铸钱更能节省成本,这是清政府停止滇省代京铸钱的基本原因。同时也说明清政府于乾隆初年实行滇省代京铸钱存在着决策性失误。

A Brief Analysis of the Failure Reasons of the Dian Province' s Minting for Capital in the Early Qianlong Period

This essay, through an investigation of the Dian province' s minting for capital in the Qianlong period, holds that the Dian province' s minting for capital was a minting policy adopted by the Qing government in order to put an end to the serious minting loss. However, the Dian province' s minting for capital, compared with the direct coining of capital mint, increased cost. After this policy was adopted, the Qing government began to win profits from minting. But this result, rather than being caused by the policy itself, owed to the Qing government s monopolizing the Dian copper and keeping down copper price, i. e. , the mint' s using the Dian copper to make coins. In fact, when the Dian copper was used as raw material , direct coining of capital mint could save more cost than the Dian province' s minting for capital. This was also the main reason for the Qing government to stop the Han province' s minting for capital. This specific situation also reflected that this policy in the early Qianlong period was a strategic mistake.