Synchrotron radiation-based x-ray analysis of bronze artifacts from an Iron Age site in the Judean Hills |
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| Authors: | Elizabeth S. Friedman Aaron J. Brody Marcus L. Young Jon D. Almer Carlo U. Segre Susan M. Mini |
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| Affiliation: | 1. CSRRI and BCPS Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA;2. Badè Museum of Biblical Archaeology, Pacific School of Religion, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA;3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA;4. Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA;5. Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA;6. Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA |
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| Abstract: | Seven bronze bangles from Tell en-Nasbeh, northern Judah, were investigated to understand the phase composition and manufacturing process of the artifacts, and possibly suggest a provenance for their origin. Synchrotron x-ray radiation diffraction (XRD) and fluorescence (XRF) were used in the analysis to avoid any destructive sampling and at the same time penetrate through the surface into the core metal. These techniques enabled us to determine that the bangles were not just tin bronze, but leaded tin bronze. Based on excavation reports, it is unlikely that the metal objects were manufactured locally at Tell en-Nasbeh; rather, preliminary XRD and XRF data point towards the neighboring region of Edom as their origin. Despite their political enmity during the Iron Age II, the data suggest that Judahite social demands for bronze may have fostered a strong economic relationship between these two polities. |
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| Keywords: | Ancient metal technology Leaded tin&ndash bronze Synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction X-ray fluorescence Iron Age Judah Edom |
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