Climate,people and faunal succession on Java,Indonesia: evidence from Song Gupuh |
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| Authors: | MJ Morwood T Sutikna EW Saptomo KE Westaway Jatmiko R Awe Due MW Moore Dwi Yani Yuniawati P Hadi J-x Zhao CSM Turney K Fifield H Allen RP Soejono |
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| Institution: | 1. GeoQuEST Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;2. Indonesian Research and Development Centre for Archaeology, Jl. Raya Condet Pejaten No. 4, Jakarta 12001, Indonesia;3. School of Humanities, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia;4. Balai Arkeologi, Jogyakarta, Indonesia;5. Radiogenic Isotope Laboratory, Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia;6. Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia;g Department of Anthropology, University of Auckland, New Zealand |
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| Abstract: | Song Gupuh, a partially collapsed cave in the Gunung Sewu Limestones of East Java, Indonesia, contains over 16 m of deposits with a faunal sequence spanning some 70 ka. Major changes in the range of animals represented show the impact of climate change and humans. The Terminal Pleistocene and Early Holocene was a period of maximum biodiversity. Human use of Song Gupuh and other cave sites in the region also intensified significantly from ca. 12 ka, together with a new focus on exploitation of small-bodied species (macaque monkeys and molluscs), the first evidence for import of resources from the coast, and use of bone and shell tools. Human activity, especially after the onset of the Neolithic around 2.6 ka, subsequently contributed to a progressive loss of many species from the area, including tapir, elephant, Malayan bear, rhino and tiger, and this extinction process is continuing. We conclude by discussing the biogeographical significance of Song Gupuh in the context of other sites in Java (e.g. Punung, Wajak) and further afield (e.g. Liang Bua). |
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| Keywords: | Java Archaeology Excavation Cave Stone artefacts Fauna Palaeoenvironment Biogeography |
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