The abrasion of modern and archaeological bones by mobile sediments: the importance of transport modes |
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| Authors: | CEL Thompson S Ball TJU Thompson R Gowland |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Empress Dock, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom;2. School of Science and Engineering, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, Tees Valley TS1 3BA, United Kingdom;3. Department of Archaeology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom;1. WMG, International Manufacturing Centre, University of Warwick Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK;2. Department of Psychology, University of Warwick Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK;3. Anatomy & Surgical Training Centre Manager, UHCW NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK;4. Assistant Director of Forensic Services, West Midlands Police, Birmingham, B4 6NQ, UK;1. Departamento de Medicina Legal, Psiquiatría y Patología, Laboratorio de Antropología y Odontología Forense, Madrid, Spain;2. Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Shrivenham, UK;3. Departamento de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y Arqueología, Laboratorio de Arqueología, Madrid, Spain;1. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, Paleobiolgía, C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain;2. Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinópolis, Avda. Sagunto s/n, 44002 Teruel, Spain;1. Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Avinguda de Catalunya 35, 43002, Tarragona, Spain;2. Institut de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES). Zona Educacional, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3) E3, 43700, Tarragona, Spain;3. Department of Prehistory, Complutense University, Prof. Aranguren s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain;4. IDEA (Institute of Evolution in Africa), Covarrubias 36, 28010, Madrid, Spain;5. Unit Associated to CSIC, Departamento de Paleobiologia, Museo de Ciencias Naturales, calle José Gutiérrez Abascal, s/n, 28006, Madrid, Spain;6. Department of Cartography and Terrain Engineering, Polytechnic School of Avila, University of Salamanca, Hornos Caleros 50, 05003, Avila, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Fresh, weathered, archaeological and fossilized bones were subjected to a series of abrasion experiments using fine sand in an annular flume in order to link bone-surface abrasion to flow regimes and sediment transport modes, compare these effects on bones of different states, and quantify the extent and types of wear occurring. Flow velocities were chosen to replicate the predominant transport modes of bedload, saltation and suspension.Comparative scanning electron microscopic image analysis was performed to assess the degree and type of wear occurring on each bone type for the different transport modes over a range of exposure periods from 24 to 72 h.These preliminary investigations have shown that both the amount and type of wear experienced was related to the bone type, duration of exposure and the mode of sediment transport with wear being the result of deformation, rather than cutting wear.The formation of scour pits in the sand bed on the upstream side of the bone samples significantly reduced wear, and appears to be an important control mechanism for impact related wear that has been overlooked until now. |
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