4500-Year old domesticated pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) from the Tilemsi Valley,Mali: new insights into an alternative cereal domestication pathway |
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| Authors: | Katie Manning Ruth Pelling Tom Higham Jean-Luc Schwenniger Dorian Q Fuller |
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| Institution: | 1. St Hugh’s College, University of Oxford, St Margaret’s Road, Oxford OX2 6LE, United Kingdom;2. Fort Cumberland, Fort Cumberland Road, Eastney, Portsmouth PO4 9LD, United Kingdom;3. Research Laboratory for Archaeology, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom;4. Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31-34 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PY, United Kingdom;1. iPHEP, Institut de Paléoprimatologie, Paléontologie Humaine: Evolution et Paléoenvironnements, CNRS UMR 7262, Université de Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet, F-86022 Poitiers cedex, France;2. CEREGE UM34, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, BP80, F-13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex 4, France;1. GI Arqueobiología, Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales (CSIC), Albasanz 26-28, 28037 Madrid, Spain;2. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3ER, United Kingdom;3. Escuela Española de Historia y Arqueología en Roma (CSIC), Via di Torre Argentina 18, 00186 Roma, Italy;4. Depto. Geografía, Historia y Arqueología, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), F. Tomás y Valiente s/n, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;5. Institute of Prehistoric Archaeology, University of Cologne, Weyertal 125, 50923 Cologne, Germany;1. CEPAM-CNRS, UMR 7264, Campus Saint-Jean-d''Angély 3, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 24, avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357 Nice Cedex 4, France;2. CEMEF, Mines ParisTech, B.P. 207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France;3. Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d''Ecologie (UMR 5059 CNRS/Université Montpellier 2/EPHE/INRAP), Institut de Botanique, 163, rue Auguste Broussonet, 34090 Montpellier, France;4. CNRS, UMR 5508 LMGC, Place E. Bataillon, cc 048, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France;1. School of Archaeology, 36 Beaumont Street, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2PG, UK;2. Organic Geochemistry Unit, Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK;3. Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK;4. NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, UK |
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| Abstract: | We report here new evidence from the Lower Tilemsi Valley in northeastern Mali, which constitutes the earliest archaeobotanical evidence for domesticated pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), predating other finds from Africa or India by several centuries. These materials provide further morphological details on the earliest cultivated pearl millet. Our results demonstrate that pearl millet non-shattering evolved earlier than the start of grain size increases and that once domesticated, pearl millet spread widely and rapidly. Additional attention is given to the dating of these materials, highlighting potential flaws in the use of organic chaff tempered pottery to date occurrences of pearl millet. A revised chronology, based on detailed Bayesian modelling, is presented for the Lower Tilemsi region. |
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