Trampling experiments at Cova Gran de Santa Linya,Pre-Pyrenees,Spain: their relevance for archaeological fabrics of the Upper–Middle Paleolithic assemblages |
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| Authors: | Alfonso Benito-Calvo Jorge Martínez-Moreno Rafael Mora Miquel Roy Xavier Roda |
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| Institution: | 1. CENIEH, Geoarchaeology, Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca s/n, 09002 Burgos, Spain;2. CEPAP, Facultat de Lletres, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;3. Program ICREA-Academia, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain;1. Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Ernst-Ludwig-Platz 2, 55116, Mainz, Germany;2. Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Institut für Altertumswissenschaften, Vor- und Frühgeschichtliche Archäologie, Schillerstrasse 11, 55116, Mainz, Germany;3. University of the Witwatersrand, School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, Bernard Price Building, Braamfontein Campus East, Johannesburg, South Africa;4. C.L. Science Consult, Lauensteinstraße 30, 21339, Lüneburg, Germany;5. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany;1. ICArEHB, FCHS, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal;2. CIAS, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal;3. Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad de Sevilla, Doña María de Padilla, s/n, 41004, Seville, Spain;1. Department of Chemistry, University of York, YO10 5DD, UK;2. Department of Archaeology, The King''s Manor, University of York, YO1 7EP, UK;3. York Archaeological Trust, 47 Aldwark, York YO1 7BX, UK;1. Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Mount Carmel 31905, Israel;2. Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel;3. Department of Geography, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel;4. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3ER, United Kingdom;5. Department of Maritime Civilizations, University of Haifa, Haifa, Mount Carmel 31905, Israel |
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| Abstract: | The study of fabrics, that is, the analysis of the orientation and slope of archaeological and sedimentary materials associated with the Middle Palaeolithic/Upper Palaeolithic (MP/UP) transition at Cova Gran shows substantial differences. Archaeological assemblages are characterised by greater isotropy in the fabrics than the sedimentary levels within which they are located, indicating that these differences may be generated by anthropic processes. One of the anthropogenic processes associated with horizontal and vertical displacement of archaeological artefacts is trampling and circulation caused by later occupations. In order to evaluate the effect of movement on materials, we undertook experiments simulating geological and archaeological conditions at Cova Gran. The results show that human trampling does not cause major isotropy in fabrics, but arranges archaeological assemblages towards planar or linear materials according to surface geometry. We were not able to replicate the fabric pattern of materials from the archaeological levels of Cova Gran, suggesting that they must be associated with the activities of human occupation at each level. |
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