Characterisation of archaeological mortars and plasters from kyme (Turkey) |
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| Authors: | Domenico Miriello Andrea Bloise Gino M Crisci Carmine Apollaro Antonio La Marca |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy;2. Department of Archaeology and History of Arts, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy;1. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India;2. Magnel-Vandepitte Laboratory for Concrete Research, Department of Structural Engineering and Building Materials, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium;1. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India;2. Dharohar-conserving Cultural and Built Heritage, New Delhi, India;1. Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Corso Italia 57, 95129 Catania, Italy;2. Musei Vaticani, Reparto Antichità Greche e Romane, 00120 Città del Vaticano;1. Università IUAV di Venezia, DACC, Venezia, Italy;2. Politecnico di Milano, DICA, Milano, Italy;3. Università Cà Foscari Venezia, DSMN, Venezia, Italy;1. Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy;2. Istituto per la Conservazione e la Valorizzazione dei Beni Culturali, Unità di Milano ‘Gino Bozza’, Area della Ricerca Milano 3 Bicocca, via Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy;3. Museo Archeologico ‘Paolo Giovio’, Piazza Medaglie d’Oro 1, 22100 Como, Italy;1. Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, United Kingdom;2. School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Wales CF37 4BD, United Kingdom;3. 8 Dockwray Square, North Shields NE30 1JZ, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | The present study focuses on the compositional characterisation of Roman, proto-Byzantine and Medieval mortars, sampled in the archaeological site of Kyme (Turkey), an Aeolian city, founded in the middle of the XI century BC by Greek populations. The mortars were studied through elemental (SEM-EDS, XRF), mineralogical (XRPD, De Astis calcimeter) and petrographic (polarised optical microscopy) analysis. The comparison between the samples allowed us to emphasise compositional differences within mortars of the same historical period.In particular, we detected the prevalent use of cocciopesto, which was used as a pozzolanic additive to create hydraulic mortars in the Roman and Byzantine period. The cocciopesto was used to improve the technological properties of an initially slaked lime. Furthermore, compositional similarities allowed us to attribute an unknown sample to the Roman period. Our study also pointed out the fact that the lower quality mortars belonged to the Medieval period. As a matter of fact, the most friable sample belonging to the Middle Ages turned out to be a mixture of clay, lime and volcanic sand. |
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