权力集中化、生产片断化与全球价值链下本土产业的升级

全球领先企业的权力集中化和生产的片断化导致价值分配的非均衡,并进一步加剧了全球生产网络中权力结构的不对称。本文提出全球价值链上的权力是一种建立在战略资源基础上的不对称的话语权,并归纳了八种基本的市场权力形式。通过对全球十大工业制成品及服务业的市场份额分析,发现技术能力和品牌能力是全球领先企业市场权力集中的主要根源,也是决定全球价值链上价值分配的决定性因素。嵌入全球价值链有利于发展中国家的本土企业迅速提高生产能力、接近全球市场和技术通道,但是从生产能力到创新能力的升级过程并非自动发生;全球价值链生产片断化带来创新过程的垂直分离和重新整合,发展中国家产业升级的关键在于本土企业的吸收能力和学习速度。

POWER CONCENTRATION,PRODUCTION FRAGMENTATION,AND LOCAL UPGRADING IN THE GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS

Power concentration by global leading firms (GLF) and production fragmentation by tremendous small and medium suppliers from developing economies have reshaped the global production network and the value chains together, causing asymmetric value distribution along the global economic landscape. The paper regards the power from GLF as an asymmetric discourse based on strategic sources, including:technology capability, products design, marketing strategy, fast fashion, market channels, low costs, supply chains capacity, and network. Among them, leading technology and marketing are always the decisive factors for the success of GLF. It is these leading advances that make the market power more concentrated than before, produce huge market profits to GLF, and shape the geographical distribution of GLF and the innovation. However, the market power concentration doesn't necessarily result in global production concentration. On the contrary, the current global production networks are more and more concentrated dispersion. With the intensified competition for multinational corporation investments between different low cost places, the learning speed and innovation capability of local firms have become the key variables to break through limitations from GLF and to improve local industrial competitiveness. It concludes that insertion into global value chains brings benefits of improving production capabilities, accessing global markets and advanced technologies to local producers in developing countries, which doesn't necessarily result in upgrading from production capability to innovation capability in the global value chains. Global production fragmentation can bring knowledge decomposition and innovation diffusion, but the upgrading of local industries depends on the absorptive capacity and learning speed of local firms.