High-temperature performance of two-layered ceramics and the implications for Roman crucibles |
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| Authors: | Carlotta Gardner Noémi S. Müller George Vekinis Ian C. Freestone Vassilis Kilikoglou |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Fitch Laboratory, British School at Athens, 52 Souedias, Athens, GR-10676 Greece;2. Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi, Athens, GR-15310 Greece;3. Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31–34 Gordan Square, London WC1H 0PY, UK |
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| Abstract: | Roman metalworking crucibles are frequently characterized by an extra outer layer of clay, applied to a pre-formed vessel. Three-point bending and standardized dead-weight loading tests were conducted to determine the advantages offered by the extra outer layer. Deformation and fracture behaviour, at temperatures up to 1100°C, of two-layer, monolithic and tempered-monolithic briquettes were compared. Measurements indicated that the two-layer briquettes were more resistant to fracture at high temperatures: > 850°C they showed more extensive plastically deformed regions than monolithic briquettes. The influence of temper was consistent with previous results: tempering caused quasi-stable fracture and reduced fracture strength. The results suggest extra outer layers assisted in preventing catastrophic failure. |
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| Keywords: | Roman crucibles multilayer ceramics mechanical properties high-temperature performance |
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