清末民初同城治所裁并初探

清末,各地纷纷筹建各级审判厅,为避免司法机构重叠同时又能筹集所需经费,从江苏省开始裁并同城州县始,即用所节约经费和旧衙署建立审判厅。在实际操作中,有些省并不存在同城州县,就裁并与之相仿的同城府县。辛亥革命后,南方各省延续了清末裁并同城治所的措施,但裁并模式不一。《划一令》颁布后,各省实行裁府留县或改府为县,治所同城现象也基本不存在了。清末延续到民国初年的同城政区治所裁并不仅由原来同城州县扩展到同城府县,而且范围也从江苏省扩展到全国。

A Study on Cutting and Merging of administrative Units in Late Qing and Early Republic of China

In late Qing Dynasty, different levels of judicial bureaus were founded throughout China. To avoid duty conflict and to raise required funds, Jiangsu Province took the lead in cutting and merging administrative units at the level of Zhou (prefecture) and Xian (county). The saved funds and redundant government officers were utilized to set up judicial bureaus elsewhere. There was another administrative level called Fu, which was comparable to Zhou and one level higher than Xian. In most cases, the Xian administration was cancelled and merged with that of the Fu, or merged into another same-level Xian. After the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, the measure continued in the southern provinces, but the methods changed. After Hua Yi Ling was promulgated, the Fu was either downgraded to Xian or cancelled while its subsidiary Xian remained. Measures were also taken to set both Zhou/Fu and Xian governments in a same city. From late Qing Dynasty to early Republic of China, the scale and range of such adjustments for local governments kept expanding and were extended beyond Jiangsu Province to the whole country.