1884—1939年中药材埠际贸易的变迁研究

中药材作为近代中国贸易格局中的重要商品之一,在口岸-腹地的经济互动中位置显要,研究中药材埠际贸易网络对理解其流通的历史具有重要意义。由于受到调查数据相对零散和研究方法相对传统的限制,该网络的复原少有实质性推进。本文主要利用中国旧海关史料的中药材埠际贸易数据,辅以其他对外贸易数据,对近代的中药材埠际贸易流通网络进行数据分析研究,发现中药材埠际贸易格局的演变与通商口岸开埠的空间进程密切相关。从19世纪末到20世纪20年代,中药材埠际贸易网络呈现逐渐加密的态势,1927年后,因为战争,中药材埠际贸易网络摧毁严重;同时,中药材国际贸易的区域分布却较为广阔,从以中国为中心的东亚区域延伸到欧洲、美洲部分地区。

A Study on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Trading Network (1884-1939)

During modern period, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), a remarkable commodity in the trading pattern of modern Chinese history, played a critical role in the economic interaction between the port foreland and hinterland. The TCM trading network is important for understanding the circulation history, but all-around knowledge of the flow of TCM in the treaty ports has been hindered due to the lack of data for a long period. This paper sees TCM as a unique case to illustrate how the TCM trading network were constructed during the modern China period to meet the mandate of economic systems by looking at various imports and exports data in the List of Chinese Medicines and others'. It shows that the evolution of the inter-port trade pattern of TCM is closely related to the change in the spatial process of opening ports in commercial ports. From the end of the 19th century to the 1920s, the inter-port trade network of the TCM showed a gradually intensifying situation. The TCM trading network was severely destroyed after 1927 due to the civil war. On the other hand, in the international trade of TCM, trading networks extended to Europe and the U.S.A.