汉代华北的耕作与环境:关于三杨庄遗址内农田垄作的探讨

2003年,河南省内黄县三杨庄汉代村落遗址内发现有大面积的农田遗迹,其中保存有比较完整的旱田垄作形态。汉代聚落遗址内出现农田垄作这一事实,很容易使人联想到汉武帝晚期主要在黄土高原地区推行过的"代田法",现在已经有相关学者对两者作过初步的比较研究;三杨庄遗址内的农田在当时处于华北平原黄河下游的沿岸地带,受当地自然环境的显著影响,其垄作形态相对于"代田法"也出现了一些变化。在相当长的历史时期内,华北平原的自然环境与黄土高原地区一直存在着很大的差异,两地的农业技术也遵循各自独特的发展规律,因此,不能简单地认为三杨庄遗址内农田就是"代田法"的遗存;三杨庄农田遗址的"垄作"作为反映汉代华北平原耕作情况的一个珍贵个案,不会脱离春秋战国时期"畎亩法"的范畴以外,在研究中应该将"垄作法"发展的历史与华北平原的特殊环境结合起来,以探讨三杨庄遗址农田垄作的真实面貌。

The Relationship between Cultivation and Environment of North China during Han Period:Research on Ridge Culture in Sanyangzhuang Village Site

In 2003,there were large tracts of farmlands excavated in Sanyangzhuang Village Site of Han Dynasty,Neihuang,Henan Province,where ridge culture traces were well preserved.The discovery of ridge culture traces make us associate them with Daitianfa(代田法) which was carried out in loess plateau during the later Han Wudi Period,and some ones have ever make comparatively studies on them up to date.The farmlands traces in Sanyangzhuang Village Site,located at the bank of lower reach of Yellow River in the North China Plain at that time,had always been influenced by the local natural environment obviously,and appeared to be different with Daitianfa(代田法).During the long historical time,the natural environment between the North China Plain and loess plateau had always existed large diversities,and the agriculture technology in the two areas had also followed its distinctive regular pattern,so we should not take the ridge culture tracesin Sanyangzhuang Village Site for the ones of Daitianfa(代田法).The ridge culture traces in Sanyangzhuang Village Site,as a precious case to reflect the cultivation of the North China Plain in Han Dynasty,represents the development of ancient ridge culture originating from Quannufa(畎亩法) during the period of the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States.Some research should associate the history of the ridge culture with the special environment of the North China Plain to reveal the real face of the ridge culture in Sanyangzhuang Village Site.