论清政府在洋务运动时期的维持和局之策

在第二次鸦片战争至甲午战争的洋务时期，清政府为阻止列强新的攫取、侵犯而又维持中外和平局面，提出并实施了各种外交策略。一是以已经签订的条约为依据，据理力争；二是备战以威慑列强；三是利用列强之间的矛盾以夷制夷。这些策略取得了一些成效，同时也产生了一些不利后果。

On Qing Government's Policy of Keeping Peaceful Situation in the Period of Western Affairs Movement

In order to prevent the plunder and invasion of big powers and to keep peaceful situation, the Qing Government put forward and executed many kinds of diplomatic strategies during the period of the Western Affairs Movement that was from the second Opium War to the War betwcen China and Japan in 1894- 1895. The first one was straggling with the big powers according to the treaties that had been signed. The second one was preparing for war to deter the big powers. The third one was making use of the conflict among big powers. These tactics acquired some effect on the one hand, but they produced some disadvantageous consequences on the other hand.