Vitrification of basalt orthostats and mud building components from Tilmen Höyük (south-eastern Turkey): an experimental and geoarchaeological approach |
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| Authors: | Marta Marocchi Giuseppe Maria Bargossi Giorgio Gasparotto Michele Dondi |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria;2. Center for Archaeological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;3. Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences, Department of Palaeontology, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium;4. Laboratory of Palynology, Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria;5. Department of Earth Sciences, Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-752 36, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | Finds of basalt orthostats and mud building components from the archaeological site of Tilmen Höyük (south-eastern Turkey, early 2nd Millenium BC) preserve a glassy crust formed by vitrification of the material. It is proposed that such features are related to destructive fire events, which destroyed the wooden building elements and burned natural stones. The geoarchaeological and experimental approach confirms this hypothesis. The geochemical composition of experimental melts is comparable to that of natural basalts. Spot analyses evidence the heterogeneity of the melts, especially for mudbricks and ceiling plasters. It is concluded that the investigated finds were subjected to strong burning under oxidising conditions reached during a violent fire. Temperatures similar to those derived by experimental melting (1180–1195 °C) were likely reached in the fire at Tilmen in order to produce the glass observed. |
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