清嘉道以来伯都讷围场土地资源再分配

位于吉林的伯都讷围场,在清代围场中放垦最早,也是嘉道以来清廷对所控有的围场封禁土地资源进行的第一次招民而非旗丁的开垦,是在人口增加、农耕土地资源紧缺情形下,国家不得不对所控制的土地资源重新调整、加以分配的一个特例。整个过程中,不仅显现出农耕土地资源私有化的局面,也涉及官民双方在资源分配中的利害关系。清代中国的人与自然环境系统中,对资源环境的调控是在国家权力支配下完成的,国家权力和政策是这一环境系统发生改变的主要动力。

On the Bodune Redistribution of Enclosed Land Starting in the Jiaqing and Daoguang Reign Periods of the Qing Dynasty

The Bodune enclosed land in Jilin province was the first enclosed land to be opened for agriculture in the Qing dynasty,and also the first where farming was carried out by recruiting farmers rather than by Manchurian soldiers.It was an exceptional case in a new situation in which the growth of population necessitated more agricultural land,so that the government had to readjust and redistribute its land resources.The whole process not only reflected the privatization of land resources but also involved the ...