定居与近代蒙古族农业的变迁

清末放垦以前，蒙古族的农业种植业属于一种附属于游牧业的农业，带有明显的粗放经营特色。随着蒙地 的放垦，人口压力的增加，蒙族生态与社会发生了重大变化。 一个重要标志是定居的发生，从移动式蒙古包转向固定式蒙 古包或汉式土房子。在居住方式变化的同时，蒙族的产业也发 生变化。游牧业的萎缩使之逐渐接受农业，但一开始的农业仍 是传统的粗放农业，随着人口压力的进一步增加，种植业才逐 步集约化。

A Study on Settlement and Changes in Modern Agriculture of the Mongolian Nationality

With an evident characteristic of extensive management, the Mongolian nationality's farming was a kind of agriculture attached to pasturing before free cultivation was permitted at the end of the Qing Dynasty. Great changes took place in both ecology and society in Mongolian area with free cultivation in Mongolian area and increasing pressure of population growth. In living stytle, settlement is an important symbol. Movable yurts are changed into fixed ones or the Han nationality's mud-brick houses. Meantime, the Mongolian producing stytle also changed. Pasturing shrank and was replaced by farming little by little. But at first farming was still the traditional extensive agriculture and getting intensive when pressure of population growth went a step further.