城市社区应急避难所评价——以焦作市为例

社区避难所是居民灾后第一时间紧急疏散避难的重要场所,也是城市应急避难体系的重要组成部分。本文从场地规划、基础设施和日常管理方面入手,结合GIS手段对社区避难所服务与建设进行评价。结果表明:焦作市社区避难所具有良好的基础,但是基础设施和日常管理相对落后;同时社区避难所分布不均,服务区域有限,存在较大面积的覆盖盲区。在社区避难所建设中,应综合考虑社区避难所的影响要素,结合人口分布、合理布局,以提高社区避难所的满足性与服务水平。

ASSESSMENT OF EMERGENCY DISASTER MITIGATION OF SHELTERS OF COMMUNITY IN CITIES: A CASE STUDY OF JIAOZUO

Natural disasters exert an enormous toll on development of society. In doing so, they pose a significant threat to prospects for achieving the ‘Harmonious society goals’ in particular. Cities are complex and interdependent systems, and are extremely vulnerable to threats from both natural and artificial hazards such as earthquakes, fires as well as poisonous gas leaks. Policy, practice and knowledge of disaster mitigation in cities have recently received widespread attention. Community shelters in cities can offer a shelter and emergency rescue for victims and the homeless when disaster occurring. Also it is an important component of urban emergency shelter system. In this paper, AHP method was employed to set up evaluation system of urban community shelters. Results indicate that community parks used as emergency disaster mitigation of shelters is well constructed, with 40% of community shelters are better constructed and 60% of community shelters are medium constructed. However, the infrastructure and daily management relatively low, lack of emergency facilities (fresh water, toilet), enough evacuate exercise and daily education. Meanwhile, the distribution of the overall community parks in Jiaozuo city is too uneven, with high fragmentation index of most patches have an area less than 1.0 ha and their internal safety area is 0 ha are invalid for use as disaster shelter, which makes them insufficient for use as emergency shelters in urban areas. As a result, the service coverage of community shelters is limited, with 24.6% of residents are outside of community shelters service coverage. In service coverage of community shelters, there still have 6.5% of residents with availability of safety zones below 1.05 m², the minimum per capita requirement for emergency shelters.