中国省区间的外资R&D知识溢出及其空间差异研究——基于随机前沿生产模型(SFA)的实证

基于随机前沿生产函数构建的区域知识溢出模型,实证分析了中国省区层面的外资R&D空间溢出效应及其差异。结果显示,我国外资R&D活动不仅对本省存在溢出影响,对邻省亦有重要贡献;东部省区同时受益于其东、中部邻省的外资R&D溢出效应,但中西部省区均只从同一区域且邻近省份的外资R&D活动获益。研究还发现,我国三大区域内部均已结成紧密的省际空间联系,外资R&D双向溢出显著;但东部与中部省区的空间关联度不强,外资R&D呈单向溢出格局;而中部与西部之间目前仍存在明显的空间分割特征,造成彼此之间互无溢出。

SPATIAL KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS OF FOREIGN R&D AMONG PROVINCES IN CHINA: A STUDY BASED ON SFA MODEL

The knowledge spillover is an important research proposition which put forward by the endogenous growth theory, and many scholars have studied this question extensively. Even today, it is still a hot issue in the areas of economics and geography. In geography realm, regional interaction is a classic topic, regional spillover as spatial interaction is the main type of regional interaction in the new era, for it is the power force of new economy. In recent years, China has absorbed a large number of Multi-National Corporation R&D investments, and China has become the primary location of Multi-National Corporation's foreign R&D investment. In this paper, we study inter-regional knowledge spillovers of foreign R&D and its spatial difference in China based on provinces panel data. Our main concerns are whether there exist inter-regional knowledge spillovers of foreign R&D in China? If the answer is yes, then for the intra-regional knowledge spillovers and inter-regional knowledge spillovers from foreign R&D, which is more important to the region? Further, do these spillovers present obvious regional differences? And how do they spillover to each other between the different regions? With the stochastic frontier analysis method and regional knowledge spillover model, we find that the foreign R&D of one province not only spillover knowledge to this province, but also there exist positive spillovers of foreign R&D between neighbor provinces in China. The eastern provinces both benefit from their central and eastern neighbors' foreign R&D activities, but the central and western provinces only obtain spillovers from foreign R&D of neighbors which in the same region as this province. The further research shows that, the provinces in eastern, central and western regions of China have formed closed spatial contact between each other, and there exist significant mutual spillovers of foreign R&D between provinces in the same region.