快速城市化背景下佛山传统祠堂文化景观变化以及地方认同的建构

祠堂曾经是佛山标志性的文化景观,但随着城市化的快速发展,祠堂文化景观也发生了改变。在对佛山市区现存祠堂景观全面普查的基础上,选择位于城乡边缘带和城中村的典型社区进行深度访谈。研究表明,佛山传统祠堂文化景观在空间和功能上都发生明显变化。尽管其呈现出现代化、多元化的倾向,但通过集体记忆和怀旧空间的地方形塑,仍然强化了以祠堂为中心的地方认同感。而且,在快速城市化、全球化过程中,地方与认同的关系既受到外生文化渗透的影响,又有内生文化认同作用的增强。祠堂文化景观的改变,一定程度上反映了当前地方社会关系的急剧变化,与之相应,地方认同也正在重新构建。

CHANGE OF ANCESTRAL HALL LANDSCAPE IN FOSHAN CITY AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLACE-IDENTITY IN THE BACKGROUND OF FAST URBANIZATION

Based on personal observation of surviving ancestral halls around the city, the paper aims those typical rural communities located on the outskirts of the urban area and inside the urban villages as subjects of in-depth interview. We found that substantial changes occurred in the space and functions of traditional ancestral hall landscape in Foshan. These ancestral halls become disproportionate to the spatial environment of their settings, tend to take diversifying and modernizing architectural styles and multiple functions and begin to form a new complex cultural space. Meanwhile, place-identity is also being re-constructed here: ① in the process of fast urbanization and globalization, the relationship between place and identity is not only under the influence of the infiltration of externalized cultures, but also strengthened by the identity of internalized cultures; ② ancestral hall centered place-identity is fortified through the physical shaping of place by collective memory and nostalgic space; ③in the background of fast urbanization, a crisis over village survival has inspired the internalized place identity which, being attached to the homeland, has become internal, innate and stable and is constantly strengthened through the restoration, construction and preservation of ancestral halls. In a word, changes in ancestral hall landscape have in some way reflected the rapidly changing social relations of contemporary rural communities as well as the reconstructing place identity.